Oasis Dakhla
Oasis Dakhla
الواحات الداخلة | |
---|---|
Oasis | |
Julukan: Oasis bagian dalam | |
Lokasi di Mesir | |
Koordinat: 25°29′29.6″N 28°58′45.2″E / 25.491556°N 28.979222°E | |
Country | Mesir |
Kegubernuran | Kegubernuran Lembah Baru |
Luas | |
• Total | 2.000 km2 (800 sq mi) |
• Luas daratan | 1.500 km2 (600 sq mi) |
Populasi (2002) | |
• Total | 75.000 |
• Etnisitas | Orang Mesir |
Zona waktu | UTC+2 (EST) |
Ibu kota | 'Ain Basil (Balat) (c. 2500 SM-c. 1500 SM) Mut (c. 1500 SM- ) |
Oasis Dakhla atau Oasis Dakhleh (bahasa Arab Mesir: الواحات الداخلة El Waḥat el Daḵla, pelafalan [elwæ'ħæ:t edˈdæ:xlæ], "oasis bagian dalam"), adalah salah satu dari tujuh oasis di Gurun Barat Mesir. Oasis Dakhla terletak di Kegubernuran Lembah Baru, 350 km (220 mil) dari Sungai Nil dan di antara oasis Farafra dan Kharga. Luasnya sekitar 80 km (50 mil) dari timur ke barat dan 25 km (16 mil) dari utara ke selatan.[1]
Geografi
[sunting | sunting sumber]Oasis Dakhla terdiri dari beberapa komunitas, di sepanjang serangkaian sub-oasis. Pemukiman utamanya adalah Mut (lebih lengkapnya disebut Mut el-Kharab dan dulunya disebut Mothis), El-Masara, Al-Qasr, bersama dengan beberapa desa yang lebih kecil.[2]
Iklim
[sunting | sunting sumber]Oasis Dakhla memiliki iklim gurun yang panas (klasifikasi iklim Köppen BWh), khas sebagian besar wilayah Mesir.
Data iklim Dakhla | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bulan | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | Mei | Jun | Jul | Agt | Sep | Okt | Nov | Des | Tahun |
Rekor tertinggi °C (°F) | 33.2 (91.8) |
40.1 (104.2) |
44.8 (112.6) |
46.1 (115) |
48.0 (118.4) |
49.5 (121.1) |
45.2 (113.4) |
45.5 (113.9) |
45.2 (113.4) |
44.2 (111.6) |
39.3 (102.7) |
32.9 (91.2) |
49.5 (121.1) |
Rata-rata tertinggi °C (°F) | 21.5 (70.7) |
24.0 (75.2) |
28.1 (82.6) |
33.6 (92.5) |
37.3 (99.1) |
38.9 (102) |
39.0 (102.2) |
38.4 (101.1) |
36.4 (97.5) |
32.9 (91.2) |
27.1 (80.8) |
22.8 (73) |
31.7 (89.1) |
Rata-rata harian °C (°F) | 12.0 (53.6) |
14.2 (57.6) |
18.3 (64.9) |
23.6 (74.5) |
28.4 (83.1) |
30.8 (87.4) |
30.9 (87.6) |
30.4 (86.7) |
28.4 (83.1) |
24.3 (75.7) |
18.1 (64.6) |
13.7 (56.7) |
22.8 (73) |
Rata-rata terendah °C (°F) | 3.5 (38.3) |
5.1 (41.2) |
8.7 (47.7) |
13.4 (56.1) |
18.3 (64.9) |
21.6 (70.9) |
22.3 (72.1) |
21.6 (70.9) |
20.2 (68.4) |
16.2 (61.2) |
9.9 (49.8) |
5.3 (41.5) |
13.8 (56.8) |
Rekor terendah °C (°F) | −3.9 (25) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
2.1 (35.8) |
7.4 (45.3) |
12.4 (54.3) |
15.4 (59.7) |
15.2 (59.4) |
12.2 (54) |
7.7 (45.9) |
1.0 (33.8) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
−3.9 (25) |
Presipitasi mm (inci) | 0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
Rata-rata hari hujan atau bersalju (≥ 1.0 mm) | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
% kelembapan | 47 | 41 | 35 | 29 | 26 | 24 | 26 | 28 | 31 | 36 | 43 | 47 | 34.4 |
Rata-rata sinar matahari bulanan | 294.5 | 279.7 | 316.2 | 315.0 | 356.5 | 366.0 | 384.4 | 375.1 | 336.0 | 328.6 | 300.0 | 291.4 | 3.943,4 |
Rata-rata sinar matahari harian | 9.5 | 9.9 | 10.2 | 10.5 | 11.5 | 12.2 | 12.4 | 12.1 | 11.2 | 10.6 | 10.0 | 9.4 | 10.8 |
Sumber #1: NOAA[3] | |||||||||||||
Sumber #2: Arab Meteorology Book (sun)[4] |
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ "Dakleh Oasis Projects, Arts, Monash University". Monash University. September 24, 2010. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal February 18, 2011. Diakses tanggal 2011-02-08.
- ^ "SSEA Dakleh Oasis Project". Society for the Study of Egyption Antiquities. 2006. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal April 16, 2009. Diakses tanggal 2011-02-08.
- ^ "Dakhla Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Diakses tanggal January 17, 2016.
- ^ "Appendix I: Meteorological Data" (PDF). Springer. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal March 4, 2016. Diakses tanggal January 17, 2016.
Bacaan lanjutan
[sunting | sunting sumber]Karya yang diterbitkan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Boozer, A. "Archaeology on Egypt's Edge: Archaeological Research in the Dakhleh Oasis, 1819-1977" in Ancient West & East: 12: 117–156. 2013.
- Fakhry, A. The Oases of Egypt, I : Siwa Oasis, Le Caire, Amer. Univ. in Cairo Press.
- Fakhry, A. The Oases of Egypt, II: Bahriyah and Farafra Oases, Le Caire, Univ. in Cairo Press, c. 2003.
- Giddy, L. Egyptian Oases: Bahariya, Dakhla, Farafra and Kharga during Pharaonic Times, Warminster, Aris & Philips, 1987.
- Jackson, R. At Empire's Edge: Exploring Rome's Egyptian Frontier, New Haven et Londres, Yale University Press, 2002.
- Thurston, H. Island of the Blessed : the Secrets of Egypt's Everlasting Oasis, Toronto, Doubleday, 2003.
- Vivian, C. The Western Desert of Egypt: an explorer's handbook, AUC Press, le Caire, 2000.
- Wagner, G. Les oasis d'Égypte à l'époque grecque, romaine et byzantine, d'après les documents grecs, Le Caire, Recherches de papyrologie et d'épigraphie grecques, 1987.
Pranala luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]- IFAO Page for Balat Site Excavations
- Dakhla in the Old Kingdom
- Travel guide Diarsipkan February 1, 2011, di Wayback Machine.
- (dalam bahasa Jerman) Dākhla di Wikiwisata